These are descriptions of various historic map collections online. For links to specific maps, see also Historic maps and Thematic maps.
Guides to house number and streetname changes from the Chicago History Museum Guide to 1909 house number changes outside downtown (170MB PDF) Guide to 1911 house number changes downtown (47MB PDF) Guide to streetname changes (small PDF)
Digital Public Library of America catalog of maps from various online collections excellent, easy-to-use search tool for multiple resources
The online Encyclopedia of Chicago includes maps from the published book and other maps from the Chicago History Museum
University of Chicago map library online digital collection
TopoView historic USGS topo viewer View and download historic USGS topo maps
Historic USGS topo viewer Uses ESRI online viewer: double-click rather than scroll to zoom in
David Rumsey map collection enormous online collection of historic maps
Library of Congress Images of America primarily 19th century birds-eye views
Newberry Library Chicago and the Midwest online collection maps
Harvard University map library online digital collection
Northwestern University map library online digital collection includes fire insurance atlases
New York Public Library map collection alternative access via MapWarper to maps that won’t load
University of Alabama collection of national atlas maps of Chicago
NOAA Coast Survey historic charts collection of coastal charts, including the Lake Michigan coastline
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee more than 100 historic maps of Chicago
Historic Illinois highway maps Link to downloadable PDFs
Indiana historic maps at IUPUI historic maps of the Calumet Region
Texas A&M University 1902 Geologic Atlas folio of Chicago area topo maps on pages 15-18
Sanborns Fire Insurance Maps online at the Library of Congress
Historic Chicago transit maps online at Illinois Railway Museum
Historic Chicago transit maps at Chicago-L.org
Smoke Abatement maps of Chicago railroads & industry download full 1915 report (1177 pages) in PDF format from archive.org download 151 map pages only in PDF format
Chicago Land Use Survey Vol. I: Residential Chicago Vol. II: Land Use in Chicago full 1942 reports in PDF format from archive.org
Aerial photos of Cook County 1938 choose location from an online map and download
Historic aerial photos from HistoricAerials.com
Original surveyors maps and notes for Cook County prior to land sales and extensive European settlement